Imaging Modalities Cardiovascular Echo Sonography |
Cardiovascular System Cardiac Catheterization |
Digestive System Cholelithiasis |
Female Reproductive System Ectopic Pregnancy |
Male Reproductive System Hydrocele/Spermatocele
|
Endocrine System Cushing Syndrome |
Skeletal System Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
Nervous System Alzheimer Disease |
Respiratory System Asthma |
Urinary System Nephrolithiasis |
Cardiovascular System Cardiac Catheterization |
Digestive System Cholelithiasis |
Female Reproductive System Ectopic Pregnancy |
Male Reproductive System Hydrocele/Spermatocele |
Endocrine System Cushing Syndrome |
Skeletal System Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
|
Nervous System Alzheimer Disease
|
Respiratory System Asthma
|
Urinary System Nephrolithiasis |
And any other topics approved by the instructor
English | Spanish |
What is your name? | Cual es su nombre? |
Lay down please. | Se puede acostar por favor. |
How old are you? | Cuántos años tiene? |
Where is your pain? | Dónde está su dolor? |
Are you NPO? | Esta en ayunas? |
Do you have a full bladder? | Tiene su vejia llena? |
When was your last menstrual period? | Cuándo fue su último período menstrual? |
How many children do you have? | Cuántos hijos tiene usted? |
Have you had any surgeries? | Ha tenido usted alguna cirugía? |
Thank you. | Gracias. |
You don’t need to undress. | Usted no necesita quitarse la ropa. |
You can get dressed. | Usted puede vestirse. |
Lift up your shirt a little bit. | Levante su camisa un poquito. |
Pull down your underwear a little bit, please. | Baje su ropa interior un poquito, por favor. |
This is going to be cold. | Va estar frío. |
Take a deep breath and hold it. | Respire profundo detengalo. |
Breathe normal. | Respire normal. |
Roll onto your left side, please. | Se pone de lado izquierdo, por favor. |
Roll onto your right side, please. | Se pone de lado derecho, por favor. |
We’re finished, thank you. | Somos terminados, gracias. |
We're not finished yet. | Toda via no terminamos. |
This is your... | Esto es su... |
Bladder | Vejiga |
Gall bladder | Vesícula |
Heart | Corazón |
Kidney | Riñón |
Liver | Hígado |
Ovaries | Ovarios |
Spleen | Bazo |
Stomach | Estómago |
Uterus | Matriz |
One | Uno |
Two | Dos |
Three | Tres |
Four | Cuatro |
Five | Cinco |
Kidney Health
Test to see if you have risk factors for kidney disease.
https://www.urologyhealth.org/healthy-living/care-blog/2017/march-is-national-kidney-month
Kidney Functions
About 200 quarts of fluid every 24 hours are being filtered by kidneys and return to the blood stream. This function of the kidney is vital for maintaining a healthy body and free of toxic waste. “Approximately two quarts of fluid waste are eliminated from the body in the form of urine, while the remainder, about 198 quarts, is retained in the body.”
Fact Sheet
https://www.thekidneydr.com/learning-center/ckd/stages-ckd/
Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys are losing their function overtime. If kidneys do not perform their function properly the waste and toxic substances will be built up in the body and in time will cause damage to other organs of the body. Some organs that can be affected are heart, blood vessels, and bones.
Five stages of CKD
Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR (>90 mL/min/1.73 m 2)
Stage 2: Mild reduction in GFR (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m 2)
Stage 3a: Moderate reduction in GFR (45-59 mL/min/1.73 m 2)
Stage 3b: Moderate reduction in GFR (30-44 mL/min/1.73 m 2)
Stage 4: Severe reduction in GFR (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m 2)
Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 or dialysis
https://www.medscape.com/answers/238798-105207/what-are-the-stages-of-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd
Signs and symptoms
CKD is usually asymptomatic in early stages (1-3). Usually patient at the late stages (4,5) start showing signs of disease. At the late stages, the GFR is less than 30mL/min. At this point the imbalance of endocrine and metabolic derangements or disturbances in water or electrolyte balance starts showing its effects.
For this reason, it has been referred to as the “silent killer.” Specific blood and urine tests are the only way to determine CKD.
Signs of metabolic acidosis in stage 5 CKD include the following:
• Protein-energy malnutrition
• Loss of lean body mass
• Muscle weakness
Signs of kidney failure
weight loss and poor appetite, peripheral edema (swollen ankles, feet, or hands due to water retention), shortness of breath, blood or protein in urine, high blood pressure (hypertension), nausea, erectile dysfunction in men,6 vomiting, bone pain, headache, insomnia, itching, dry skin, malaise, fatigue with light activity, muscle cramps, high urine output or no urine output, recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence, pale skin, bad breath, hearing deficit, detectable abdominal mass, tissue swelling, irritability, poor muscle tone, change in mental alertness, and a metallic taste in the mouth.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview#a1
https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-us/laboratory-diagnostics/assays-by-diseases-conditions/kidney-disease/about-kidney-disease
Causes of CKD
The two main causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure, which are responsible for up to two-thirds of the cases. Diabetes happens when your blood sugar is too high, causing damage to many organs in your body, including the kidneys and heart, as well as blood vessels, nerves, and eyes. High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the pressure of your blood against the walls of your blood vessels increases. If uncontrolled, or poorly controlled, high blood pressure can be a leading cause of heart attacks, strokes, and chronic kidney disease. Also, chronic kidney disease can cause high blood pressure.
https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/about-chronic-kidney-disease
Age (>65 years) Too much alcohol
Family history Heart disease
Smoking Obesity
Ibuprofen use Low birth weight
Autoimmune disease Kidney stones & recurring UTIs
American or other ethnic minorities.
Diagnosis
Screening:
Laboratory studies:
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview#a1
Imaging studies:
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview#a1
Treatment
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview#a1
Treatment for end-stage kidney disease
Biotechnology Uses in the Medical Fieldl
Common Heredity and Genetics Disorders in USA, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Signs and Treatmentl
The Dynamic of the Cell
Ecosystems and Interdependence
Evolution and Classification of Animals
Evolution and Natural Selection
Gene Therapy Uses in the Medical Field
Genetic Material in Human
Human Cell Types and Cell Division
Land Environment Plants and Fungi
Medical Use of Fingerprints
Most Common Human Bacterial Diseases
Most Common Human Fungal Diseases
Most Common Human Viral Diseases
Tissue Engineering Use in the Medical Field
Water and Land Animals
And any other topics approved by the instructor
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